Robotic Process Relating to Accountings-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Examine about the Robotic Process Relating to Accountings. Answer: Presentation The mechanical procedure mechanization has taken a wave and is developing as one of the quickest developing advancements in the computerized field. It is required to supplant the human exertion in the bookkeeping procedure and is one of the kinds of innovation on administrative procedure mechanization dependent on the idea of programming based mechanical frameworks and computerized reasoning. In any case, each new innovation has both the positive and the negative qualities much like each coin has 2 sides(Visinescu, Jones, Sidorova, 2017). Despite the fact that the robots will be process driven and will expand the degree of exactness, the speed, the effectiveness and will without a doubt improve the degree of consistence of the bookkeeping procedure however the inquiry is will it have the option to alleviate all the dangers and difficulties which we frequently find in the everyday bookkeeping activities. Despite the fact that articficial insight has built up a lot over the most recent few years, however it can never supplant the human as a result of the absence of feelings, sympathy and the absence of inspiration and instinct while settling on the business choices. There are numerous such inquiries which should be addressed which frames the base of this thesis(Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Patent No. U.S. Patent No. 9,555,544., 2017). Besides, the goal and the objective of this examination is to fid the judiciousness of the presentation of mechanical technology mechanization process in bookkeeping framework and how far is it feasible in the cutting edge bookkeeping hypothesis which requests dynamic in complex genuine circumstances which need to explore from different angles and afterward to close dependent on the business and IFRS necessities. It tends to be said that this procedure is a reproduction of the human conduct which is collaborating with the UI of the PC. In the event that, this is presented, it will be a critical move from the customary types of IT integration(Visinescu, Jones, Sidorova, 2017). This has been existing for an extensive stretch of time now as screen scratching however the equivalent has now developed into stronger, develop, dependence and adaptable level which makes the enormous undertaking to accept and depend on it. Reasearch goal and examination questions There are multitudinous number of inquiries which should be replied in this perspective the most reproachful of which are referenced beneath. The significant goal of the examination is to discover the feasibility of the innovation taking a gander at the upsides and downsides of RPA. The whole idea of RPA depends on the viualization which makes of the virtual system to execute the activities in the backend dependent on the client screen determination. It will along these lines lead to an enormous assortment of costs, which should be seen by associations whether the equivalent be taken forward or not(Davis, 2017). The subsequent inquiry is the nimbleness and the way that RPA will be a robot which will run not founded on the coding structure dissimilar to the programming projects however much like the virtual specialist who can be paidly prepared similarly as human trains human. This is to be finished utilizing man-made consciousness. Ther efore it now should be watched that whether it will have the option to repond in a similar way as human and in the event that any new circumstance emerges, what will be its suggestion and how the equivalent can be taken forward(Willcocks, Lacity, Craig, 2017). The other basic inquiry in this angle is the acknowledgment by the huge association or whether a similar will be non problematic as a large portion of the IT advancements accompany a ton of progress and upset te hidden PC frameworks in the association. Along these lines, they are hesitant to upgrade or supplant the current systems(Belton, 2017). In this manner, the goal and the way of thinking of the RPA is to dodge the hazard and multifaceted nature of such sort of changes and to keep it confined to light iT prerequisites. It is based on the stage that requires the client ID and secret phrase a lot of like the human client which is significant from the security and honesty angle. Yet, even this isn't sufficient from the security perspective and can be penetrated effectively as a result of which broad checking and testing of the frameworks is required. RPA doesnt needs broad IT aptitudes or specialized help and has a simplicity of administration which makes it conceivable to be utilized in business operational regions instead of the data innovation offices. Subsequently, it should be seen whether it has a business case dependent on the stage utilized and speculation made. One of the other significant target of study is its effect on the general public. One of the investigations shows that it is to bring new rush of proficiency and adequacy in the worldwide work advertise. Not all, however 35% of the all out bookkeeping occupations might be computerized and regularized by 2035 according to the Oxford University. Eminent enreprenur in one of TED Talks expressed that the presentation of the RPA model in the work market will to some degree revolutionse the expense of the administrations business and cut down the expenses vigorously, driving up the topline and the bottomline of the organization. It will likewise improve the nature of the administrations rendered and will offer expanded chance to the. In this manner, it now should be seen whether the money saving advantage examination is on the proitive or negative end. One of the other creator expressed that this will prompt more prominent degrees of occupation fulfillment and scholarly development as it w ill draw out the robot out of people so the ordinary and repeatative employments van be performed by the robots though increasingly basic and importance relational jobs can be overseen by the humans(Willcocks L. P., 2017). The significant inquiries to be settled in this class incorporate is the OCR Optical character acknowledgment (written by hand) which is as yet a significant issue to be settled as a great deal of organizations are getting things done on the paper. This is one of the immense issues which is being taken up with various organizations. Essentially, picture acknowledgment is likewise one of the issues wher the PC can't peruse the graphs and outlines. The proper innovation is quite recently accessible at this point. The other inquiry which adds to the inclination towards RPA is the immediate activity of the work and data transfer in the cloud condition (Alexander, 2016). Numerous clients can work at once from various goals taking a shot at similar information utilizing a solitary secure gadget. In any case, the inquiry here is the means by which safe the conncetion is and by what means can be it depended that the information won't be lost and won't be overwritten or there will be a path of the work in the framework in the robotized adaptation. The other most significant inquiry here now is that can the mechanical autonomy process robotization limit the dangers and help in recognizing and keeping away from the fakes. The inquiry is open as both the positive and negative perspectives can be inferred out of it. It particularly limits the hazard by expelling the wasteful aspects, the human mistake component being a product device and man-made reasoning driven instrument. In any case, the hazard similarly increment on the off chance that the misrepresentation has been commiteed before the exchange or bookkeeping section gets into the framework. It is troublesome and almost outlandish for RPA to apply rationales and method of reasoning to distinguish the cheats and mistakes in the records and to address the equivalent. Subsequently, it brings about further wrong bookkeeping and complete befuddle and in this manner expanding the risk(Kokina Davenport, 2017). In this manner, the to keep away from the equivalent, it is an absolute necessity that the human needs to audit and have a last check to guarantee that the cheats are distinguished at the ideal time and along these lines amended quickly as RPA will have a check just on the arithematical exactness and the intelligent checks as took care of in the framework. The last inquiry here is will robo bookkeepers have the option to supplant the genuine bookkeepers or will thye ever have the option to set up and take a similar competency levels as that of the people. The response to this inquiry is a straight no as there will consistently be a hole as far as the dynamic and IQ issue (Pape, 2017). The coarseness, the hazard, the dexterity with which a human can settle on the choice and help the business relying upon the case and dependent on the timespan required, the current arrangement of RPA doesn't has the mastery to accomplish it. The RPA is simply implied for some standard employments which are process driven and away from vacillations, while with people, the change is perpetual and there can be massive number of situations that can be created. To put it plainly, it tends to be said that if human is a set, RPAs are the subsets which will at last must have the human mediation. There are numerous such inquiries which should be replied before the RPAs are being acknowledged all around over the organizations and around the world. Be that as it may, every one of these inquiries can be replied and can be alleviated in this way empowering the execution of RPAs (Bromwich Scapens, 2016). There will be dangers, there will be issues which are unanticipated during the tests, there might be situations which might not have been tried or even havent sprung up however every last bit of it must be tried, rectified and offered impact to just when the progression to execute it is taken forward. All the previously mentioned questions and inquiries have been replied underneath in the writing audit through various contextual analyses and examination. Writing Review According to the investigation by the Haward Business Review, the greater part of the organizations guaranteed their representatives that the procedure robotization and the presentation of the mechanical autonomy in the bookkeeping division would not bring about the lay off of the workers and thay they wold be redeployed to some unpredictable and fascinating work. One of the scholastic investigations shows that as opposed to restricting this change as is commonly done by the individuals in the association to a cutting edge outlook change, they grasped it and were not compromised. They rather grasped and acknowledged it entire heartedly seeing the robots as virtual group mates(Anginer Kunt, 2014). It further found that rather than reduc

Global Financial Crisis and Nigerian Stock Market Volatility

Worldwide FINANCIAL CRISIS AND NIGERIAN STOCK MARKET VOLATILITY Abdul ADAMU Department of Business Administration, Nasarawa State University, Keffi †Nasarawa State. [emailâ protected] com [emailâ protected] com Tel. +2348029445391, +2348064851648. Paper introduced at the National Conference on â€Å"Managing the difficulties of Global Financial Crisis in Developing Economies† sorted out by the Faculty of Administration, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nasarawa State †Nigeria held between March 9 †11, 2010. Unique The current worldwide monetary emergency is no longer news yet a reality. Our strategy creators in the nation have been refuted dependent on their contention that the nation was protected. A portion of the divisions that have felt the warmth of the emergency are the financial part and the securities exchange. In the securities exchange, financial specialists lost trillions of naira due the descending fall in the costs of stock. In view of this, the examination surveys the degree of the financial exchange instability in the period going before the emergency and the time of the emergency. Utilizing the All Share Index, the profits for different months were processed, illustrative measurements of the profits was determined and the instability of the market was evaluated utilizing the standard deviation. It was discovered that the securities exchange is exceptionally unstable in the time of the budgetary emergency than the period going before it. The proposal is that the profundity of instruments in the financial exchange ought to be shifted as far as fixed protections than value instruments. Presentation The worldwide monetary emergency, which originally rose as a budgetary emergency in one nation, has now completely introduced itself with not a single base yet to be found. The world economy is in a profound downturn, and the threat of falling into a deflationary snare can't be excused for some significant nations (UNCTAD, 2009). The ongoing worldwide financial emergency was a consequence of monetary and political occasions in the United States. What began with revised government approach and poor home loan loaning rehearses, brought about an overall financial emergency that spread like an infection (Beck, 2008). The US sub-prime home loan advertise set off the emergency because of credit smash inside this market. Most nations around the globe have moved toward this ‘tsunami’ logically with crisis subsidizing support for applicable areas, in order to alleviate the effect of the emergency on economies just as keeping away from the whole breakdown of the universal monetary framework (Ajakaiye and Fakiyesi, 2009). In spite of these backings by different governments in the structure bailout, it doesn't stop a few nations to go into downturn, due to huge decrease in their riches, showing itself in falling gainful limit, development, work and government assistance. From the start, the immediate effect of the money related emergency on the African economies was restricted as African nations has feeble mix with the worldwide economy and most business banks in the area avoided putting resources into the disturbed resources from the US and other piece of the world (Adamu, 2008). This is the reason most pundits contend that Africa is so far protected from the immediate impacts of the money related emergency at any rate in the short-run. Be that as it may, presently, this isn't the situation as the pace of joblessness and liquidity crush is getting excruciating. In Nigeria, as other African creating nations, the underlying reaction to the emergency was somewhat quiet, as though our arrangement creators don't comprehend the gravity of the emergency. While the created nations were occupied with attempting to bailout their economy so as to alleviate the impacts of the emergency, our pioneers were covering up under the shadow of protection. The most obvious division being hit by this emergency in the Nigerian economy is the capital market. The Nigerian Stock Exchange, the lead of Nigeria’s capital market has seen remarkable disturbance since April, 2008. To start with, the descending slide of the stocks available commanded by the financial part made specialists fretful and administrative specialists nervous. While denouncing fingers were being pointed at various bearings as the reason for this instability in the costs of stocks, the market started a free-fall never saw throughout the entire existence of capital market tasks in Nigeria. Both nearby and remote speculators who had exploited the ideal profit for ventures on the stock trade started to rush somewhere else in urgency. A portion of the inquiries that are basic to this pattern in the capital market are; what is the degree of the stock value unpredictability on the Nigerian Stock Exchange? What are the components that affected the stock value instability? What exactly degree has this unpredictability in stock cost influenced financial specialists? What can the administrative authority do to contain this issue? This paper will address the primary inquiry raised previously. This part is the presentation and the remainder of the paper is orchestrated as follows; area two talked about the idea of money related emergency, the Nigerian capital market and the emergency, at that point financial exchange unpredictability. In area three, we talk about information and procedure, at that point results and conversations in segment four lastly, outline and ends in segment five. The idea of money related emergency The term money related emergency is applied comprehensively to an assortment of circumstances where some budgetary organizations or resources out of nowhere lose an enormous piece of their worth. In the nineteenth and mid twentieth hundreds of years, numerous money related emergencies were related with banking frenzies, and numerous downturns matched with these frenzies. Different circumstances that are regularly called money related emergencies incorporate securities exchange crashes and the blasting of other monetary air pockets, cash emergencies, and sovereign defaults (Kindleberger and Aliber, 2005, Laeven and Valencia, 2008). Some monetary speculations that clarified budgetary emergencies incorporates the World frameworks hypothesis which clarified the threats and risks, which driving modern countries will confront (and are currently confronting) toward the finish of the long financial cycle, which started after the oil emergency of 1973. While Coordination games, a numerical way to deal with displaying money related emergencies have accentuated that there is frequently positive input between showcase members' choices (Krugman, 2008). Positive criticism infers that there might be emotional changes in resource esteems in light of little changes in monetary basics, Minsky’s speculated that money related delicacy is an ordinary component of any industrialist economy and budgetary delicacy levels move along with the business cycle, yet the Herding and Learning models clarified that advantage buys by a couple of specialists urge others to purchase as well, not on the grounds that the genuine estimation of the benefit increments when many purchase (which is called â€Å"strategic omplementarity†), but since financial specialists come to accept the genuine resource esteem is high when they watch others purchasing (Avery and Zemsky, 1998, Chari and Kehoe, 2004, Cipriani and Guarino, 2008). The Nigerian Capital Market and the Crisis The All Share Index and the market capitalisation of the 233 recorded values catch exercises and execution on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE). Prior to the emergency, there has been a reliable development in these exhibition markers throughout the year (see fig. 1). For example, the All Share Index as indicated by information from www. cashcraft. com develop from an estimation of 12,137 out of 2002 to 66,371. 2 focuses on March 5, 2008, with a market capitalisation of about N12. 640 trillion, after which esteems tumbled to 20,827. 17 focuses on December 31, 2009, with a market capitalisation of 4. 989 trillion in view of the emergency. This shows before the year's over 2009, the All Share Index had lost an all out portion of about 69%, while showcase capitalisation had lost 61% of its worth. There are concerns with respect to how quickly the worldwide budgetary emergency influenced the Nigerian Capital Market, particularly given that there is for all intents and purposes no cross-responsibility for (venture or something else) among Nigeria and outside nations, and there is not really any residential home loan advertise for there to be a sub-prime issue as discovered especially in the UK and the USA (Aluko, 2008; Ajakaiye and Fakiyesi, 2009). The decay of pointers of exercises on the NSE before the acceleration of the emergency on the worldwide scene in July 2008 turned into a wellspring of worry for some. It is hard to credit this decay to a specific factor, yet those components that may have immediate or backhanded effect are as per the following; I. Remote portfolio speculations withdrawals and decreased outside direct venture influence financial specialist trust in Nigeria (Adamu, 2008; Aluko, 2008; and Ajakaiye and Fakiyesi, 2009). This is the situation in light of the fact that most outsiders retain their interests so as to support their budgetary issues at home. This presented the nation to FDI vulnerabilities and caprices, especially in a period where open private organization (PPP) of colossal venture plans, for example, oil and gas †LNG ventures, power plants, railroads, lodging and streets are being empowered. ii. Another factor which as indicated by Ajakaiye and Fakiyesi (2009) that had genuine effect on the securities exchange is the thing that they called the ‘intensifiers’. These incorporate approach understandings by the market, which may have been initiated by the moderate government introductory remain on the economy. This additionally incorporates translation of declarations, decrees and gossipy tidbits by the market. Models incorporate the proposed recapitalisation plan of the financial exchange players (stock broking firms), just as bits of gossip on the end of edge loaning by banks. iii. The wonder of minimal loaning in Nigeria, whereby speculators obtain cash from banks to put resources into other money related instruments like IPOs of keeps money with the expectation of making speedy returns. This may likewise be named Nigeria's own form of the ‘sub-prime problem’, as it brought about a detonating household securities exchange and stock costs and dumbfounding comes back to both the examiners and p

6 traits of great managers

6 qualities of incredible chiefs Need to be supervisor at being a chief? It’s not as straightforward as simply being a decent audience and ensuring everybody appears on schedule. Really incredible administrators draw in the best laborers. In the event that you’re great at being in control, youâ hold onto star representatives and advance their professions directly alongside yours. Overseeing isn't a simple expertise, yet it is conceivable to assemble. Regardless of whether you think you’re really incredible as of now, investigate these tips and see whether you can improve in a specific zone. Your representatives will thank you, thus will your boss.1. Have your employees’ backs.Bad supervisors toss their workers under the transport. Don’t be that chief. At the point when your group exists inside an air pocket of trust and has confidence in its pioneer, all the individuals will need to cooperate to meet proficient objectives. Hotshot your employees’ victories and give spread t o them when you have to. At the point when you assemble a domain of regard, your activity will be so much easier.2. Be liberal with your time.Even in the event that you see the individuals who report to you straightforwardly all the time in the lobby or during easygoing drop-ins, it’s still imperative to commit a portion of your week by week calendar to one-on-one gatherings with your group. Indeed, even only 15-30 minutes of devoted registration time per individual tells your representatives you’re there to address concerns and monitor their progress.3. Give profitable feedback.Giving criticism is significant, however make a special effort to ensure you give incredible input. Don’t simply tell somebody they did a â€Å"great job,† reveal to them why what they did was so extraordinary. In the event that you get work that’s below average, make some noise don’t simply trust things improve whenever. Useful analysis en route for the little stuff assists workers with arriving at their expert objectives. At the point when your workers know you’re put resources into them progressing nicely, they’ll step up their game for each task.4. Engage representatives to go after the stars.Push your group to accomplish heavenly work (and telling them you think they’re fit for it)- don’t let them settle for just alright. Not exclusively will this lead to results you and your group can display, however it additionally will impart certainty that makes workers need to go well beyond constantly. Expect first rate work, and individuals will acclimate to meet your expectations.5. Fabricate trust.Having a real connection with your workers is an incredible thing. You unquestionably don’t must be excessively easygoing and mate amigo your style can remain carefully expert and still be based on trust. Make an affinity so individuals feel they can come to you with issues and slip-ups or good thoughts! Don’t d ivider yourself off in some supervisor turret and neglect to manufacture associations with the individuals you’re entrusted to lead.6. Stay humble.Remember, regardless of whether you’ve moved high up on the stepping stool you’re as yet taking care of your obligations. You’re as yet adapting too-about your industry and about the craft of overseeing individuals. Don’t simply sit back on your shrubs. Make sense of how your group can assist you with learning and manufacture your profession, and afterward help them consequently.

The politics of conjunctions

Back around 2013, when I was writing the original edition of The Critical Reader, I happened across research showing that one of the primary differences between teenagers’ writing and that of adults lies in the use of concessions—words like however  and nevertheless  and  until, which are used to signal the introduction of an objection or a conflicting point. The adult writers used these types of words consistently, but they were largely absent from the students’ papers. I’ve thought about the implications of that fact in a general way before, but as I’ve recently come to realize, I’ve never really thought them through. This post is my attempt to do so. The first implication is that students do not use concessions in their papers because they do not discuss opposing ideas or consider alternate points of view at all (nor, it should be said, are they expected/required to do so). That is a serious problem in and of itself, but I suspect that the issue is even more basic than that. The second issue is that many students do not know the literal definitions of many concessions, particularly less common ones such as nevertheless  and that notwithstanding. The third implication, of which I have only recently become aware, is that students may not   really grasp how to construct such statements at a grammatical level. This is related to the meaning issue but is an additional dimension of the problem. As I’ve written about before, every time I think I’ve rid myself of preconceived notions about what students do and don’t know, I discover that I am unconsciously taking certain knowledge for granted. In this case, I fell prey to a naturalistic assumption about learning, namely the belief that because students are exposed to concessions in their reading (assuming, of course, they actually do their reading), they automatically absorb what such constructions signify and how they are used. In retrospect, the fact that one of my first—and persistently lowest-scoring—ACT students told me she didn’t know what â€Å"all those little words† tested on transition questions meant should have been a flashing red signal. But at the time, I didn’t recognize the significance of the statement. Nor did I really see what was going when, a few years later, I attempted to explain to another student that an author was discussing an opposing point of view, and he could not even really grasp what that meant, insisting that the author was â€Å"just saying stuff.† In fact, I didn’t put two and two together until recently, when I came across an Atlantic  article about New Dorp high school, a low-scoring school on Staten Island that had experienced a remarkable turnaround after implementing  Writing Revolution, a highly structured grammar and reading program that focuses heavily on conjunctions, of all things. I was immediately intrigued by the article because the difficulties experienced by the New Dorp students so precisely mirrored those I saw in my former students: Maybe the struggling students just couldn’t read, suggested one teacher. A few teachers administered informal diagnostic tests the following week and reported back. The students who couldn’t write well seemed capable, at the very least, of decoding simple sentences. A history teacher got more granular. He pointed out that the students’ sentences were short and disjointed. What words, Scharff asked, did kids who wrote solid paragraphs use that the poor writers didn’t? Good essay writers, the history teacher noted, used coordinating conjunctions to link and expand on simple ideas—words like for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so. Another teacher devised a quick quiz that required students to use those conjunctions. To the astonishment of the staff, she reported that a sizable group of students could not use those simple words effectively. The harder they looked, the teachers began to realize, the harder it was to determine whether the students were smart or not—the tools they had to express their thoughts were so limited that such a judgment was nearly impossible. Watching the videos of these classes, I was genuinely stunned. Not only did the teachers not shy away from using technical grammatical terminology, but they actively encouraged the students to use it as well. After being exposed to so much edu-babble, it was pretty shocking to hear kids utter the term â€Å"subordinating conjunction† in a modern-day classroom. And when I saw the examples of the exercises students were given, something clicked in for me: essentially, students were asked—in every class—to create complex, subject-specific statements using particular conjunctions. Nothing about this was easy or natural for the students; I got the distinct impression that new neural pathways were actually being carved out in their brains as they thought about what sort of statement would logically complete a clause begun by, say, unless. As I read about and then watched them, I thought, â€Å"This is what it means to teach concessions. You’re literally teaching them how to think.† And then I thought, â€Å"Oh my goodness, this is only one school. How many kids at how many schools all over the country are not ever learning how to work with these types of statements in an academic context? How many kids see constructions like this and ignore them, or outright dismiss them as ‘Oh, the guy’s just saying more stuff’ without ever really understanding what their purpose is? And how many of them grow into adults who don’t understand either?† I also realized I’d also been seeing a different version of this problem with my higher-scoring students, particularly those stuck right below the 700 line in reading on the old SAT. The one concept that pretty much all of them struggled with was â€Å"qualification†Ã¢â‚¬â€answers that required them to identify when an author was â€Å"qualifying a statement† almost always threw them because they didn’t really get what the concept meant, even after we went over it (repeatedly). It was just too foreign, too abstract for them to recognize when an author was softening the extremity of a statement in the context of such challenging readings. It actually got to the point where if a new student came in with, say, a 680 in reading, I’d start off by discussing qualification since it was pretty much guaranteed to be a stumbling block. The only kids I ever saw who didn’t struggle with it were the ones scoring above 700 with minimal effort—basically, those who were reading at a solidly adult level and who were invariably headed to the Ivies or other elite programs. That’s a reallyselect group. As far as I can tell, the SAT no longer tests this concept, which I don’t think is a coincidence. Anyway, as I mulled over all this, I started to wonder about the relationship between the lack of comfort with concessions and the ever-more impoverished level of national discourse. What happens when the default mode of thought for large portions of a citizenry revolves around extremes and absolutes? There is no way to have a nuanced conversation about, well, anything without involving concessions; the very purposes of words like unless and  despite  is   to indicate when and under what circumstances and to what extent phenomena are true. In other words, they are used to acknowledge that reality is complicated. And, moreover, they are used to admit that there are limits to one’s claims, there are instances in which they do not apply, that one does not in fact know everything†¦ When this sort of discourse is abandoned†¦ Well, the United States is living through an experiment in that right now. Concession and qualification are also concepts very much associated with written language. As I’ve discussed before, the only time students tend to encounter these types of words in speech is in lectures, which are increasingly disparaged as a pedagogical tool at both the high school and college levels. (As a recent Chronicle of Higher Education article asked, apparently without irony, â€Å"Is it Ever Okay to Lecture?†) As a result, the experience of hearing these words spoken aloud is becoming ever more rarified, increasingly viewed as elitist and pretentious and out-of-touch and all those wonderful epithets that Americans love to hurl at people who like to think. Moreover, people who are unfamiliar with this type of speech—and perhaps at some level embarrassed that they have difficulty following it—are wont to assume that anyone who uses it must be talking down to them and become accordingly defensive. Shame drives rage. (One of the first lessons I learned as a tutor was to never, neverlet on that I was surprised that a student didn’t understand something, no matter how basic. Otherwise, they would never trust me enough to let me see their weaknesses.) I suspect that this dynamic is in part responsible for the disconnect between this group and many members of the academic and media class, who take for granted that this is simply how people communicate. It’s not only a matter of vocabulary; it’s also a type of syntax that allows for analysis rather than just repetition. This is in large part why I find the SAT’s abandonment of the They Say/I Saymodel so disconcerting. Whatever the flaws of the old SAT, one of the themes running through the test was that people can both agree and disagree, that issues are not always black and white, and that writers can approach those complexities in a variety of ways, some overt and others quite subtle (e.g., through dry or wry humor, up there with qualification in terms of difficulty). That is essentially the basis for civilized conversation. In contrast, the â€Å"informational texts† on the redesigned test are, to a much greater extent, â€Å"just saying stuff.† I find it oddly telling that the new test was rolled in 2016, only about six months before the presidential election. Although the â€Å"they say/I say† aspect of the old SAT was lost on most students, the move away from it seemed to reflect a larger cultural shift in adults’mindset, a move away from rationality and reasoned conversation as norms, and toward something†¦ flattened, harder-edged. The parroting of a canned, market- and tech-driven discourse in which ideas were reduced to stale graphs and data points. There was something dehumanizing about it. And the amazing part was that people who should have known better embraced it so quickly and wholeheartedly. I know that this shouldn’t still surprise me, but it does. And that is why I can’t get over it, and why I keep writing about it.

Immigrants and The American Dream Essay - 2131 Words

The American dream is different for every person. To some it means financial success, to others it means freedom of expression, while others dream to practice their religion without fear. The American dream is a complex concept providing immigrants with the hope of better life. The U.S. government provides the environment and resources for everyone to pursue their dreams. Each year millions of people around the world apply for the Diversity Visa lottery program provided by the U.S. government, however only a few thousand people are lucky enough to come here. America is the place where people are judged by their achievements instead of having references or connections. Even though the American economy is in recession and the†¦show more content†¦Another example of immigrant achieving her dream is the former Secretary of State during the Clinton’s administration who was born in Czechoslovakia. The first woman secretary of State and the highest-ranking woman in the feder al government to date, Madeleine Albright (â€Å"Madeleine K.†). She escaped the atrocities of World War II studied hard in the U.S. in pursue of her dream and went on to become one of the most respected female politicians. In this historical retro prospective one can only assume that the American dream was achieved by immigrants throughout the history. The founding of the New World gave the religiously oppressed people hope to exercise their religious dreams. The non-stop conflicts in Europe between the Church and Protestants led many people to flee from their home countries. Among the first settlers on the New World were the Protestants which were chased by the government in their countries. In the 18th century the religious conflicts led the founders to make the First Amendment in the American Constitution. The Amendment states that the U.S. government wouldn’t have a state-supported church as Britain did. 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Personal Statement Leroy Brown - 835 Words

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Research Methodology Human Health and Life

Question: Describe about the Research Methodology for Human Health and Life. Answer: Introduction It is vital for the health care providers to preserve human health and life. However, death is inevitable. The role of the health care providers does not end rather is modified in situation where the patient recovery is hopeless. Pioneers such as Raymond Moody and Elisabeth Kubler-Ross in the west have addressed the subject of death and dying (Abolfathi et al., 2012). Their work showed that the nurses can ensure a peaceful death to the patient with unconditional love and enlightened attitude towards their profession (Lovering, 2012). The medical professionals need good understanding of the patient who is at the end of life care from psychological, social, cultural, medical, and spiritual point of view (Arritt, 2014). The end of life experiences is universal. However, the behaviour associated with grief or bereavement are culturally bound. In this world, different countries have societies that have become a rich melting pot of religions, cultures and ethnicities. Different cultures ha ve developed different ways to cope with the death and grief which are the normal life events (Galanti, 2014). Interfering with these respective cultural attitudes towards death may hamper an individuals ability to cope up with the grieving process. It is difficult for the health care providers to know and understand the mourning ceremonies and traditionsof each and every culture. However, gaining a basic concept of how different cultures prepare or respond to death is essential for the care providers. In order to deliver individualised, patient centered care nurses need a culturally diverse knowledge base (Qureshi, 2012). There are various countries in the world such as Malaysia, India, Nigeria and others, which accommodates multiple faiths. Therefore, the health care providers not only need to know the religious and cultural beliefs of the patient but also the rationale supporting them as it my greatly influence the care plan of the patient (Velayudhan, 2012). The paper particular ly focuses on the cultural attitudes of Hindus, Muslims, and Christians towards death in Malaysia. Cultural attitude of Muslims towards death in Malaysia and its impact on nursing profession When caring for the Muslim patients, the factors that influence the nursing practice are Muslims belief, faith and preferences during the dying process. Nurses need to take care of matter such as to ensure there is someone with the patient to prompt Shahadah (Arritt, 2014). It means bearing witness that Allah is true God and Muhammad is his servant. Nurses need to have knowledge of importance of Quran and ensure the patient with a person to recite the chapters of the holy book at the beside. Most important challenge for the nurses is to devise a care plan for Muslim patents in the holy month of Ramadan, which is the fasting month. It is highly challenging for nurses to care for diabetes patients in this month and hence they may devise nutrition plan that does not compromise the health (Velayudhan, 2012). According to Lovering (2012) many Muslims and the health care providers in Malaysia do not recognise the importance of the good death. Based on Islamic perspective it is explained th at the human dignity and privacy are respected and each on is treated as fundamental pillar of Shari'a. Muslims highly value the spiritual and emotional support. The nurses therefore must address the care needs expected of them since Muslims appreciate the importance of the access to the needed spiritual or emotional support. Avoiding this factor which are crucial for Muslims may create dissatisfaction among the patients and lead to loss of trust in the health care providers. It is challenging and stressful for the health care team to met specific demands of Muslims such as care from same sex caregiver. Thus, nurses must ensure male or female caregiver to honour their request. Nurses must be highly careful when it comes to contacting patient of opposite sex even if it is matter of making eye contact or shaking hands particular when dealing with the observant Muslims (Qureshi, 2012). The additional burden of cost on the health care team is due to provision of separate room for their rituals. The observant Muslims prefer to offer prayers five times a day and wash before, after meals, and before prayers. Thus, the health care team must be diligent in helping the patients to meet their spiritual needs. The team must ensure that of the procedures interfere with neither the treatments nor administration of medication. According to Farooqui et al. (2012) the Muslim patients may refuse medication containing pork products, gelatine, or alcohol. It is complex task for the nurses and physicians to provide full disclosure of medicines containing these ingredients so as to help patients in making informed decision. Rassool, (2014) highlighted that most people want a control over pain and others stressful symptoms. However, the Muslims patients perceive suffering as a punishment for ones sins. This belief and interpretation motivates the patient and the families to cope up with the disease. Harford and Aljawi (2013) argued that it does not belittle the fact the suffering should be relieved by making every single effort. It is a common cause of discomfort for the nurses in Malaysia to convince the Muslim patient to uptake a pain management. The patients deny the pain medication as they anticipate that by suffering more and showing high patient, they will receive more rewards form Allah and attain more purity. This leads nurses into dilemma as they have to respect the patients wishes to accept or refuse the medical intervention. Most nurses treating the Muslim patients face this dilemma inspite of the encouragement from Islamism to seek treatment. It greatly influences the nursing care plan as nur ses undergo mental conflict with the moral and the ethical dilemmas (Lovering, 2012). The study executed by Al-Jahdali et al., (2013) discussed that majority of the Muslim participants prefer to issue advance directives. It is the means to accept or refuse medical intervention. However, some medical staff are not aware of this preference. However, this system is underused in the several hospitals. It is suggested for hospitals to adopt the system off advance directives as it is widely accepted by the Muslims. It is a common practice in the Islamic and Arabic societies to contact the loved ones and relatives before death of a person. However, a physician or a nurse are to be given this suggestion when death of a patient is inevitable or is about to take a last breath. This standard practice is observed in west and in some cases the health care providers are required to demonstrate high level of sensitivity particularly when the visitors are exceeding the amount of space available. Rassool (2014) described that the Muslims do not consider their life to be pointless despite tremendous suffering. This is in contrast to most patients who opt to quit their life instead of prolonging with advanced technology pointlessly. The Muslims believe in the ultimate wisdom of Allah even when inflicted with serious disorder and tend to withdraw from life sustaining treatment. It emphasises the medical professionals to be honest with the patient specifically about the prognosis, and the details and explanations related to the Do Not Resuscitate orders. It may give reassurance to the patients and help them to feel more comfortable that the intervention will not be futile. Many Muslims perceive that the time of death is only known to Allah. However, Al-Jahdali et al. (2013) that many Muslims prefer to know how near the death is so that they can repent for their sins and seek forgiveness. The nurses and the physicians in this situation are required to provide less definitive answe rs to the patient and the family. The challenge for the nurses is to build good rapport with the patient and family. Most patients prefer to die in a holy place like Makkah or Mosque when given a choice. Nurses must respect the patients wishes. Nurses are requested by many patients to persuade their family for granting their wish. At this stage the nurses must be honest and open with them regarding the care goals. This eliminates the stress among the nurses and the family members as they do not have to feel guilty to let patients die out of the hospital (Galanti, 2014). Muslims pay great importance to the appearance and hygiene. They have strict principles related to self esteem and body image. Muslims belief in having good image in eyes of friends and relatives and tend to avoid deformities, post-mortem distortions, bad odors, septic wound, by maintaining continence. They prefer to maintain cleanliness such as having clean clothes, free of urine, vomit, stool, and want the health care providers to make their body appear normal after death (Harford Aljawi, 2013). It is stressful for health care providers as they need to take additional care keeping these factors in view. Nurses may put extra effort to meet these demands of patients and particularly pay more attention to appearance and hygiene. It creates additional burden as they may have to bath the patient more than the recommended times. To reduce the post-mortem disfigurement the health care providers must perform eye closing and jaw fixation immediately at the time of death (Abolfathi et al., 2012). These practices may affect other patients in the ward and hence nurses may assure them that it is common for all the Muslim patients in the hospital. The health care providers must be particular in regards to rites of washing, shrouding, and funeral prayers. Burial process should be followed as soon as possible. The major role for the health care team at this stage is timely documentation to prevent delay in funeral ceremonies (Rassool, 2014). During the time of death, nurses must be highly empathetic and the health care team must provide comprehensive care. The hospital must arrange for religious officer to address faith related concerns of relatives and ask additional queries to reduce their worries. It is challenging for the palliative care team to identify families having suboptimal resources, support them in bereavement and assure of economic support (Walpole et al., 2013). Cultural attitude of Hindus towards death in Malaysia and its impact on nursing profession Most Hindus in Malaysia come from western India. Since Hindus divide into different sects, there is a difference in their beliefs and philosophies. There is no standard form of worship to God as there hundred of deities (Ezat et al., 2014). The Hindu patients are highly concerned about modesty. They demand for same sex caregivers. Hindus prefer family members to nurses for basic physical care such as changing clothes, combing hair, and bathing. On the contrary, in Malaysian culture combing hair may is a heartfelt demonstration of care and love. They prefer same sex caregiver for repositioning. During complicated pregnancy cases husband may be asked to present while providing the genitourinary care due to close relationship between the husband and the patient. Nurses must be highly sensitive and avoid disregard of modesty. Nurses and the physicians in Malaysia must be aware of minute details such as using right hand for shaking with clients. Hindus mainly use the left hand for unclean tasks such as toileting (Badrolhisam Zakaria, 2012). Further, it is highly complicated for the nurses to communicate with the patients as most Hindus avoid communicating undeclared problems such as constipation. Therefore, nurses need to b e highly sensitive to understand the patients discomfort during end of life care (Ezat et al., 2014). During the time of crisis, it is common practice for the Hindus to practice fasting (Eriksson et al. 2013). Several Hindu patients refuse to intake pork or beef by-products particularly those patients who are strict vegetarians. It is complex task for the nurses and physicians to provide full disclosure of medicines containing these ingredients so as to help patients in making informed decision. Nurses may enter into dilemma when the patients deny eating egg, which is essential for them to have during particular illness. This may affect the care plan. Hence, the nurses must develop alternate nutritional plan that does not compromise the health of the patients due to fasting or having only vegetarian diet. According to David (2013), Hindus highly value physical purity and prefer to take bath twice daily anticipating it would render them spiritually and physically clean. In this condition, nurses may assist the patient with these rituals after highlighting the patient about the consequ ences of illness for example, excess bathing may not be beneficial in that given situation. Some Hindus prefer to extend their life when diagnosed with life threatening illness such as cancer for completing unfinished matters for their young children and family. On the other hand, there are Hindus who strictly believe in the law of karma. Therefore, they prefer to suffer assuming it is a punishment from God for their past sins. Therefore, when dealing with the Hindu patients, the key components of the palliative care or end of life care team is truthtelling and informed consent particularly in decisions related to artificial hydration and nutrition, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, intravenous infusion and oxygen administration (Abubakar, 2013). The observant Hindus prefer to die at home than at hospital therefore, it is necessary for the nurses to openly communicate the about the prognosis, and the details and explanations and take consent from the patient before initiating life sustaining treatment (Badrolhisam Zakaria, 2012). Although against the hospital norms or care standards, the nurses may have to allow the patients to lie on floor as it is ritual in Hinduism when patient is about to take last breath. According to the Hindu culture as many family member as possible may want to stay in the hospital before the patients death. Allowing accommodation for huge crowd leads nurses and care team into ethical and moral dilemma. Further, Hindu families prefer to perform last rites, which are known as Puja. They may wish to use lamps, incense or candles for praying. Nurses must consider this after ensuring that it may not lead to any accidents in the hospitals such fire or burn. Addressing these concerns is vital because it gi ve a deeper meaning and purpose to living and dying. Making this decision is often complicated for the nurses. Hindu patients prefer not to remove their religious adornments even in hospitals such as thread around wrist or neck without prior consent. During the end of life care nurses may have to provide for separate room or space for daily prayers and maintain privacy. Patients before death may prefer to have Tulsi leaves and water from Ganges as comfort. This process is known as Hindu sacraments or samskara and is considered to have practical utility. Hindus believe that these practices before death will help them get moksha meaning release from the cycle of birth, death and rebirth. (Tomkins et al., 2015). During the time of death the Hindus may prefer to have spiritual music or video or statue of the favourite God and a family member is requested near the patient for reciting the lines of the holy books Ramayana, Mahabharata and Bhagavad Gita . Therefore, it constitutes an integ ral part of the care associated with the dying people and the bereaved. Further, family demands to handover the dead body to wash and constantly attend to the deceased and accompany the body to the mortuary (Ezat et al., 2014). Just like in Hindu culture, the Malaysian nurses too must honour the wishes of the dead. The family want the non-Hindus to avoid touching the dead body. Therefore, use of gloves by the nurses may be appreciated. According to Galanti (2014), most Hindus object post mortems as they always cremate the body the very next day after death. On the other hand, there is objection when demanded by law. In order to complete all the rituals the health care team must return all the organs and remains. Cultural attitude of Christians towards death in Malaysia and its impact on nursing profession The Christians in Malaysia mainly visit from United States. Depending on the type of Christians there are different beliefs and attitudes towards death observed. When dealing with the Christian Scientist patients, the nurses faces challenge in convincing the patient to take treatment necessary before entering the end of life phase. According to Tiew et al. (2013) the Christian scientists the material world is the minds distorted view of reality. In terms of health care they recognise bacterial infections but belief the underlying cause to have a spiritual aspect. Hence, they oppose the medication, as they do not believe that it has no real power or value. Therefore, it is imperative for the nurses and the physicians to focus on treating the physical symptoms of the patient. In this situation, discussing about the cause and effect may only lead to contention between the nurses and the patient. Many patients favour prayer so much that they reject surgery. Some other patients prefer to receive medication and treatment in their house and visit hospital only when deemed necessary (Bonelli et al., 2012). During the end of life care, the Christian m ay prefer to keep a cross with themselves or under the bed. A family member or a church minister is requested near the patient to recite the lines from the holy book Bible. In depression, most Christians prefer pastoral counselling an spiritual programs (Ellis Wahab, 2013). The Christian Scientist patients strictly avoid tea, coffee and food containing caffeine and alcohol. On the other hand, the protestant Christian do not follow specific dietary requirements but choose to fast to gain spiritual strength. Hence, the nurses must develop alternate nutritional plan that does not compromise the health of the patients due to fasting (Bonelli et al., 2012). Christians belief that death is a transition to the spiritual realm. It is believed in Christianity that the after death people reach heaven to be with God. Hence, end of life care is a time of joy for the patients despite the sadness of going away from the loved ones. The church minister is allowed to visit the patient and the family and help the client prepare for death. Depending on the form of Christianity such as Presbyterian or Anglican, the customs vary (Vail et al., 2012). At the time of death, the Christians are more dependent on the church minister for comfort and assistance to cope up with the death and the funeral ceremonies. It is imperative for the nurses to allow the family to implement their choice and cooperate in the bereavement. Christian ceremonies related to burial or cremation are typically held at deceased persons church and conducted by the minister, but it could also be held at a funeral home. As the dead is laid in the casket the families and the friends get the last opportunity to say their last goodbyes before it i buried. The Christian Science do not have specific doctrine to the last rights upon death, mourning or burial. However, they prefer cremation to burial but is not prohibited. They do not prefer autopsies and do not believe in organ donation. Christian scientists consider unethical to donate their bodies to science (Jong et al., 2013). However, in some cases it is left upon the families to make decision. After burial the grave is marked with a gravestone to remember the deceased. In all the three religions, the attitude towards death is different therefore, nurses need to be culturally competent. It is difficult to go against the personal beliefs but they must refrain from imposing personal beliefs on the patients. They must avoid broaching the subject of religion in depth. In case a nurse is finding very difficult in assisting patients with procedure that is violating personal beliefs she may request the concerning physician for alternate assignment. They need to be highly collaborative with the families and the health care team to make decisions that are observant of both medical needs and religious preferences (Arritt, 2014). Conclusion It is difficult for the nurses and other care providers to deliver culturally sensitive end-of-life care or bereavement. For medical professionals this is an issue of high discomfort. Patients and families need guidance, advice and compassion from the doctors and nurses. However, the realities of a given situation include a press for time and result in both emotional and physical exhaustion. When nurses have to make critical decision they may fail to express sensitivity and warmth. The paper has implications for practioners for both practice and education. The health care providers must respect the needs of the patients belonging to diverse culture regardless of their personal believes. The health care practioners in Malaysia must have a self-awareness to recognise the diversity between the themselves and their patients. They must exhibit curiosity and openness to learn. It is vital to explore and understand the way families and the patient with to be treated before, during and after death. Merely interpreting the actions and wishes of the patients through own understanding may lead to error in the care plan. The cultural practices may not be significant in every individuals life however; these practices, rituals and beliefs take a vital place when a life threatening illness strikes or facing death. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the meaning of care to the dying patient for delivering individualised palliative care. In conclusion, the hospitals, hospices and the nursing homes must provide training and education to the nurses to address multicultural issues and deliver culturally congruent care. References Abolfathi Momtaz, Y., Hamid, T. A., Ibrahim, R., Yahaya, N., Abdullah, S. S. (2012). Moderating effect of Islamic religiosity on the relationship between chronic medical conditions and psychological well?being among elderly Malays.Psychogeriatrics,12(1), 43-53. Abubakar, I. (2013). The religious tolerance in Malaysia: an exposition.Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences,7(1), 90-97. Al-Jahdali, H., Baharoon, S., Al Sayyari, A., Al-Ahmad, G. (2013). Advance medical directives: a proposed new approach and terminology from an Islamic perspective.Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy,16(2), 163-169. Arritt, T. (2014). Caring for... Patients of different religions.Nursing made Incredibly Easy,12(6), 38-45. Badrolhisam, N. I., Zakaria, Z. (2012). Knowledge, Religious Beliefs and Perception towards Organ Donation from Death Row Prisoners from the Prespective of Patiens and Non-Patients in Malaysia: A Preliminary Study.International Journal of Humanities and Social Science,2(24), 197-206. Bonelli, R., Dew, R. E., Koenig, H. G., Rosmarin, D. H., Vasegh, S. (2012). Religious and spiritual factors in depression: review and integration of the research.Depression research and treatment,2012. David, M. K. (2013). Roles of Sindhi Grandparents in Malaysia. InIndian Diaspora(pp. 125-137). SensePublishers. Ellis, L., Wahab, E. A. (2013). 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